Water Supply Scheme

           Next to Air, the other important requirement for human life to exist is water. Water is Available in Various forms such as rivers, lake, stream etc. The earliest civilization organized on the bank of major rivers system and required water for drinking, bathing, cooking etc. But with the advancement of civilization the utility of water enormously increased and now such a stage has come that without well organized public water supply scheme, it is impossible to run the present civic life and development the town. The importance of water from quality come to be recognised gradually in the later days.

Water supply scheme:- 

           It is defined as to provide the water for the present population in required quantity and quality.

Necessity of Water Supply Scheme:- 

           The following are the necessity of water supply schemes are as follows

• For drinking and cooking
• For bathing and Washing
• For watering lawns and gardens 
• For heating and air conditioning system
• For growing crops 
• For street washing
• For fire fighting
• For recreation in swimming pools, fountains etc
• For stem power and various industrial process, etc and so on.......

Advantages of water supply scheme:- 1. Drinking:-  

            The good quality of water required for drinking purpose human body contains 70% of water 5-7 liters water required for a person per day for normal conditions.

2. Cooking:-

            Some quantity of water is required for cooking about 5-6 liters/day . It depend on standard society.

3. Household sanitary purpose:-

           For this water required for washing floors, cloth etc about 50-60 liters/day required.

Population forecast :-

           The method of estimating the population for the required period is known as population forecasting.

(For more details refer IS code)

Selection sources of water supply scheme:-

The selection of the source of water-supply to a town or city depends on the following factors.

1. Location of water source :-

            The source should be near to the town or city as possible. If the surface source like river, stream or reservoir is not the vicinity of the area then underground source of water is the only alternative.

2. Quantity of water :- 

           The source of the water should have ample amount of water to meet up all the demand of the city as domestic industrial. Fire resistance, public etc. It should also be able to meet the maximum demand in dry weather.

3. Quality of water :-

           The quality of water Should be such as which can be easily and cheaply treated. Therefore, as far as possible, the water of the source should be wholesome, safe and quite free from pollution.

4. Intake point :- 

           The point should be higher than that off the supply zone so that the water can flow by gravity. Otherwise, pumping unit required for the conveyance of water from the intake point to the treatment plant which will increase the cost of the water supply scheme.

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